Formation Laravel : Middlewares

<?php

namespace App\Http\Middleware;

use Illuminate\Auth\Middleware\Authenticate as Middleware;

class Authenticate extends Middleware
{
    /**
        * Get the path the user should be redirected to when they are not authenticated.
        *
        * @param  \Illuminate\Http\Request  $request
        * @return string
        */
    protected function redirectTo($request)
    {
        if (! $request->expectsJson()) {
            return route('login');
        }
    }
}

<?php

namespace Illuminate\Auth\Middleware;

use Closure;
use Illuminate\Auth\AuthenticationException;
use Illuminate\Contracts\Auth\Factory as Auth;

class Authenticate
{
    /**
        * The authentication factory instance.
        *
        * @var \Illuminate\Contracts\Auth\Factory
        */
    protected $auth;

    /**
        * Create a new middleware instance.
        *
        * @param  \Illuminate\Contracts\Auth\Factory  $auth
        * @return void
        */
    public function __construct(Auth $auth)
    {
        $this->auth = $auth;
    }

    /**
        * Handle an incoming request.
        *
        * @param  \Illuminate\Http\Request  $request
        * @param  \Closure  $next
        * @param  string[]  ...$guards
        * @return mixed
        *
        * @throws \Illuminate\Auth\AuthenticationException
        */
    public function handle($request, Closure $next, ...$guards)
    {
        $this->authenticate($request, $guards);

        return $next($request);
    }

    /**
        * Determine if the user is logged in to any of the given guards.
        *
        * @param  \Illuminate\Http\Request  $request
        * @param  array  $guards
        * @return void
        *
        * @throws \Illuminate\Auth\AuthenticationException
        */
    protected function authenticate($request, array $guards)
    {
        if (empty($guards)) {
            $guards = [null];
        }

        foreach ($guards as $guard) {
            if ($this->auth->guard($guard)->check()) {
                return $this->auth->shouldUse($guard);
            }
        }

        throw new AuthenticationException(
            'Unauthenticated.', $guards, $this->redirectTo($request)
        );
    }

    /**
        * Get the path the user should be redirected to when they are not authenticated.
        *
        * @param  \Illuminate\Http\Request  $request
        * @return string
        */
    protected function redirectTo($request)
    {
        //
    }
}

return $next($request);

php artisan make:auth

Auth::routes();

Route::get('/home', 'HomeController@index')->name('home');

<?php

namespace App\Http\Controllers;

use Illuminate\Http\Request;

class HomeController extends Controller
{
    /**
        * Create a new controller instance.
        *
        * @return void
        */
    public function __construct()
    {
        $this->middleware('auth');
    }

    /**
        * Show the application dashboard.
        *
        * @return \Illuminate\Http\Response
        */
    public function index()
    {
        return view('home');
    }
}

<?php

namespace App\Http\Controllers\Auth;

use App\Http\Controllers\Controller;
use Illuminate\Foundation\Auth\AuthenticatesUsers;

class LoginController extends Controller
{
    /*
    |--------------------------------------------------------------------------
    | Login Controller
    |--------------------------------------------------------------------------
    |
    | This controller handles authenticating users for the application and
    | redirecting them to your home screen. The controller uses a trait
    | to conveniently provide its functionality to your applications.
    |
    */

    use AuthenticatesUsers;

    /**
        * Where to redirect users after login.
        *
        * @var string
        */
    protected $redirectTo = '/home';

    /**
        * Create a new controller instance.
        *
        * @return void
        */
    public function __construct()
    {
        $this->middleware('guest')->except('logout');
    }
}

<?php

namespace Illuminate\Foundation\Auth;

use Illuminate\Http\Request;
use Illuminate\Support\Facades\Auth;
use Illuminate\Validation\ValidationException;

trait AuthenticatesUsers
{
    use RedirectsUsers, ThrottlesLogins;

    /**
        * Show the application's login form.
        *
        * @return \Illuminate\Http\Response
        */
    public function showLoginForm()
    {
        return view('auth.login');
    }
    
    /*
    ...
    */
}

$this->middleware('auth');

<?php

namespace App\Http;

use Illuminate\Foundation\Http\Kernel as HttpKernel;

class Kernel extends HttpKernel
{
    /**
        * The application's global HTTP middleware stack.
        *
        * These middleware are run during every request to your application.
        *
        * @var array
        */
    protected $middleware = [
        \App\Http\Middleware\CheckForMaintenanceMode::class,
        \Illuminate\Foundation\Http\Middleware\ValidatePostSize::class,
        \App\Http\Middleware\TrimStrings::class,
        \Illuminate\Foundation\Http\Middleware\ConvertEmptyStringsToNull::class,
        \App\Http\Middleware\TrustProxies::class,
    ];

    /**
        * The application's route middleware groups.
        *
        * @var array
        */
    protected $middlewareGroups = [
        'web' => [
            \App\Http\Middleware\EncryptCookies::class,
            \Illuminate\Cookie\Middleware\AddQueuedCookiesToResponse::class,
            \Illuminate\Session\Middleware\StartSession::class,
            // \Illuminate\Session\Middleware\AuthenticateSession::class,
            \Illuminate\View\Middleware\ShareErrorsFromSession::class,
            \App\Http\Middleware\VerifyCsrfToken::class,
            \Illuminate\Routing\Middleware\SubstituteBindings::class,
        ],

        'api' => [
            'throttle:60,1',
            'bindings',
        ],
    ];

    /**
        * The application's route middleware.
        *
        * These middleware may be assigned to groups or used individually.
        *
        * @var array
        */
    protected $routeMiddleware = [
        'auth' => \App\Http\Middleware\Authenticate::class,
        'auth.basic' => \Illuminate\Auth\Middleware\AuthenticateWithBasicAuth::class,
        'bindings' => \Illuminate\Routing\Middleware\SubstituteBindings::class,
        'cache.headers' => \Illuminate\Http\Middleware\SetCacheHeaders::class,
        'can' => \Illuminate\Auth\Middleware\Authorize::class,
        'guest' => \App\Http\Middleware\RedirectIfAuthenticated::class,
        'signed' => \Illuminate\Routing\Middleware\ValidateSignature::class,
        'throttle' => \Illuminate\Routing\Middleware\ThrottleRequests::class,
        'verified' => \Illuminate\Auth\Middleware\EnsureEmailIsVerified::class,
    ];

    /**
        * The priority-sorted list of middleware.
        *
        * This forces non-global middleware to always be in the given order.
        *
        * @var array
        */
    protected $middlewarePriority = [
        \Illuminate\Session\Middleware\StartSession::class,
        \Illuminate\View\Middleware\ShareErrorsFromSession::class,
        \App\Http\Middleware\Authenticate::class,
        \Illuminate\Session\Middleware\AuthenticateSession::class,
        \Illuminate\Routing\Middleware\SubstituteBindings::class,
        \Illuminate\Auth\Middleware\Authorize::class,
    ];
}